How the human visual system determines the lightness of a surface, that is, its whiteness, blackness, or grayness, remains--like vision in general--a mystery. In fact, we have not even been able to create a machine that can determine, through an artificial vision system, whether an object is white, black, or gray. Although the photoreceptors in the eye are driven by light, the light reflected by a surface does not reveal its shade of gray. Depending upon the level of illumination, a surface of any shade of gray can reflect any amount of light. In Seeing Black and White Alan Gilchrist ties together over 30 years of his own research on lightness, and presents the first comprehensive, historical review of empirical work on lightness, covering the past 150 years of research on images ranging from the simple to the complex. He also describes and analyzes the many theories of lightness--including his own--showing what each can and cannot explain. Gilchrist highlights the forgotten-yet-exciting work done in the first third of the twentieth century, describing several crucial experiments and examining the brilliant but nearly unknown work of the Hungarian gestalt theorist, Lajos Kardos. Gilchrists review also includes a survey of the pattern of lightness errors made by humans, many of which result in delightful illusions. He argues that because these errors are not random, but systematic, they are the signature of our visual software, and so provide a powerful tool that can reveal how lightness is computed. Based on this argument and the concepts of anchoring, grouping, and frames of reference, Gilchrist presents a new theoretical framework that explains an unprecedented array of lightness errors. As both the first comprehensive overview of research on lightness and the first unified presentation of Gilchrists new theoretical framework Seeing Black and White will be an invaluable resource for vision scientists, cognitive psychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists.

Seeing Black and White (Oxford Psychology Series)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Gilchrist, Alan

Mental Health

Oxford University Press

A practical guide to the construction of thesauri for use in information retrieval, written by leading experts in the field. Includes: planning and design; vocabulary control; specificity and compound terms; structure and relationships; auxiliary retrieval devices; multilingual thesauri; AAT Compound Term Rules. The US ANSI/NISO Z39.19 Thesaurus construction standard is also covered.

Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual

AITCHISON, Jean

Bawden, David

Reference

Aslib, The Association for Information Management

The Foetal Circulation is the culmination of many years of interest on the part of the author in the foetal circulation. Information is presented in three parts, all generously illustrated with drawings and diagrams made by the author. The first part describes the events which led up to his discovery of a foetal heart in the mortuary, a discovery that inspired years of work and research. The second takes the reader around the plan of the circulation and analyses its sections. The last discusses various aspects of this subject, including the foetal heart sounds. The changes at birth are given in detail and followed by an elaborate exposition of the valve of the foramen ovale. There is an interesting section comparing the author's ideas with those of the standard accounts, which he demolishes completely. There is a small section at the end that deals with respiration and resuscitation of the newborn. The author believes that no other book devoted entirely and comprehensively to the circulation in the foetus has ever been produced. A few pages on this subject may be found in the standard textbooks of anatomy, physiology, embryology, paediatrics, obstetrics, and medicine, and they are all wrong (according to him).

The Foetal Circulation

Medical Books

Basic Sciences

AuthorHouseUK

It is in 3 parts, with generous illustrations throughout. The first part gives a brief account of the author’s discovery of a foetal heart in 1965, which is followed by descriptions of his dissections of foetal lambs and the valuable information they give. The second part covers the author’s comprehensive account of the human foetal circulation, which he divides into three sections: for the upper body, lower body and placenta. The structure and function of the lung are compared with those of the placenta. Details of the foramen ovale are given, and the importance of the 3rd heart sound made by the valve. In part 3 the author gives his own ideas of the birth changes. He insists that it is the foetus which is delivered, and that the baby is born after delivery when the first deep breath is taken, which changes the hidden foetal features into those of the baby. He has suggestions for the management of delay in the onset of breathing. He shows why there has been discord between the orthodox accounts and his own. He suggests research in the chick embryo, which has a circulation similar to that of the human foetus.

The Foetal Circulation: 5th edition 2018

IT applications for thesauri have been emerging - for example, in front-end systems, cross-database searching, hypertext systems, expert systems, and in natural-language processing. In-house thesauri are still needed for internal special collections. Aiming to meet these needs, this fourth edition has been revised to take account of advances in information retrieval and software capabilities, and now also includes the uses of thesauri. In this edition, the US ANSI/NISO Z39.19 Thesaurus construction standard is also covered.

Computers & Technology

Routledge

This little book first appeared on the public stage to a small audience in 2011. The 2019 6th edition now bows out for the last time. There had to be further editions after the first when the author, his most severe critic, introduced new ideas and corrected the errors of the previous ones. But running through them all has been the strong thread of his conviction that the placental supply for the foetus feeds the left atrium, not the right, and that it is the foetus which is delivered: the baby is born after the delivery when the first deep breath is taken. In this final edition the author shows the correct supply for the left atrium by some fundamental facts of physiology and by direct observations of the foetus: human and sheep, which demolish the long-established orthodox accounts. One of his glaring errors in the 4th version was to deny the lungs a pulmonary circulation. In this present edition he not only corrects himself, but uncovers the full pathway of this circulation, which shows the course taken by the arterial supply and the venous return. There is a comprehensive valuable account of the foramen ovale, which, like many of the other aspects of this work, is entirely new. The unique characteristics of the foetal heart sounds are described, which any lady in the later months of pregnancy may hear with a Doppler monitor, and which confirm that the placental fl ow enters the left atrium. The invisible birth changes which have never been seen, are guessed at in full detail. The work is generously illustrated with diagrams, drawings and photos from the hands of the author.

Authorhouse Uk

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Gilchrist, Alan. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Gilchrist, Alan

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Gilchrist, Alan. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Seeing Black and White (Oxford Psychology Series)

Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual

The Foetal Circulation

The Foetal Circulation: 5th edition 2018

Thesaurus Construction and Use: A Practical Manual

The Foetal Circulation