For more than a million years, man's utter dependence on technology has been producing a host of intricate problems. For example, we steadily reduce the need for human labor while finding ways to increase life expectancy. We mass produce the automobile without grasping the harsh effects it leaves on the environment. The Human Legacy concerns the evolution and development of man–physically, socially, psychologically–into the latest version of the species we see around us today. The author paints an intriguing picture of man, living in complex societies and trying to solve the unanticipated consequences of action.

The Human Legacy

Politics & Social Sciences

Festinger, Leon

Social Sciences

Columbia University Press

For more than a million years, man's utter dependence on technology has been producing a host of intricate problems. For example, we steadily reduce the need for human labor while finding ways to increase life expectancy. We mass produce the automobile without grasping the harsh effects it leaves on the environment. The Human Legacy concerns the evolution and development of man–physically, socially, psychologically–into the latest version of the species we see around us today. The author paints an intriguing picture of man, living in complex societies and trying to solve the unanticipated consequences of action.

Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward , and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. The author contends that a state of impasse exists within learning theory largely because some of its major assumptions stand in apparent opposition to cetain well-established experimental results. The book puts forward a new theory that seems to reconcile these data and assumptions. This new theory can account for data with which other theories have difficulty: it integrates empirical phenomena that have been regarded as unrelated, and it is supported by the results of experiments designed specifically to test its implications. These experiments are fully described in the text.

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Psychology & Counseling

Stanford University Press

Small amount of highlighter markings throughout.This book has hardback covers.Ex-library,With usual stamps and markings,In poor condition, suitable as a reading copy.No dust jacket.

Conflict

Title: A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance Binding: Paperback Author: LeonFestinger Publisher: StanfordUniversityPress

The study reported in this volume grew out of some theoretical work, one phase of which bore specifically on the behavior of individuals in social movements that made specific (and unfulfilled) prophecies. We had been forced to depend chiefly on historical records to judge the adequacy of our theoretical ideas until we by chance discovered the social movement that we report in this book. At the time we learned of it, the movement was in mid-career but the prophecy about which it was centered had not yet been disconfirmed. We were understandably eager to undertake a study that could test our theoretical ideas under natural conditions. That we were able to do this study was in great measure due to the support obtained through the Laboratory for Research in Social Relations of the University of Minnesota. This study is a project of the Laboratory and was carried out while we were all members of its staff. We should also like to acknowledge the help we received through a grant-in-aid from the Ford Foundation to one of the authors, a grant that made preliminary exploration of the field situation possible.

When Prophecy Fails

Riecken, Henry W.

Schachter, Stanley

Independently published

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Deterrents And Reinforcement The Psychology Of Insufficient Reword

Lawrence, Douglas H.

History

Andesite Press

Reprint of the original 1956 edition.When Prophecy Fails waspublished by Festinger, Riecken and Schachter during the height of the Cold War. It is a detailed study of a small UFO religion group in Chicago calledthe Seekersbelieved in an imminent apocalypse. The authors focused on the members' coping mechanisms after the event did not occur, focusing on the cognitive dissonance between the members' beliefs and actual events, and the psychological consequences of these disconfirmed expectations. One of the first published cases of dissonance (inconsistency between the truth and what people want to believe, the perception of contradictory information) was reported in this book. The publisher has included an extensive prologue in this edition on the subject of religious cults. Saucerian Publisher was founded with the mission of promoting books in Science Fiction. Our vision is to preserve the legacy of literary history by reprint editions of books that have already been exhausted or are difficult to obtain. Our goal is to help readers, educators, and researchers by bringing back original publications that are difficult to find at a reasonable price while preserving the legacy of universal knowledge. This title is an authentic reproduction of the original edition published in 1956 printed text in shades of gray.IMPORTANT,although we have attempted to maintain the integrity of the original text accurately, the present reproduction has missing and blurred pages, poor pictures from the original scanned copy.Because this material is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protect, preserve and promote knowledge in the world.___ Copy and paste the link for our titles: https://saucerianbooks.blogspot.com/

When PROPHECY FAILS: A Doomsday Cult On Alien Invasion

Religion & Spirituality

Occult & Paranormal

lulu.com

Product Description The study reported in this volume grew out of some theoretical work, one phase of which bore specifically on the behavior of individuals in social movements that made specific (and unfulfilled) prophecies. We had been forced to depend chiefly on historical records to judge the adequacy of our theoretical ideas until we by chance discovered the social movement that we report in this book. About the Author Leon Festinger (1919 - 1989) was an American social psychologist, perhaps best known for cognitive dissonance and social comparison theory. His theories and research are credited with renouncing the previously dominant behaviorist view of social psychology by demonstrating the inadequacy of stimulus-response conditioning accounts of human behavior. Festinger is also credited with advancing the use of laboratory experimentation in social psychology, although he simultaneously stressed the importance of studying real-life situations, a principle he perhaps most famously practiced when personally infiltrating a doomsday cult. He is also known in social network theory for the proximity effect (or propinquity). Festinger was the fifth most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Henry W. Riecken Jr. (1917-2012) received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1950, having studied in the Department of Social Relations, which enjoyed a well-known relationship with the Department of Psychology. A thought leader, and a follower and booster of interesting thoughts (more prescience), Riecken was the first director of the National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Office of Social Sciences (later called a division) in 1959. As vice president and then president of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) from 1966 to 1971, Hank led the development of the first state-of-the-art monograph on randomized controlled trials in the United States. Riecken was a member of the first Director's Advisory Committee at the National Institutes of Health. He became a member of the National Academy of Sciences' Board on Medicine in 1969 (one of two social scientists) and, as a founding member, assisted in the challenging effort to create the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 1971. Stanley Schachter (1922 - 1997) was an American social psychologist, who is perhaps best known for his development of the two factor theory of emotion in 1962 along with Jerome E. Singer. In his theory he states that emotions have two ingredients: physiological arousal and a cognitive label. A person's experience of an emotion stems from the mental awareness of the body's physical arousal. Schachter also studied and published a large number of works on the subjects of obesity, group dynamics, birth order and smoking. Schachter was the seventh most cited psychologist of the 20th century.

Wilder_Publications

This edition is large format. We chose it in order to reduce the cost of the book and pass on the savings to you the reader. You will not find a cheaper edition. Because of the large format we added double columns to make reading easier, which is common practice for large format titles. In response to the reviews, we have widened the inner margin so that it doesn't bleed into the gutter. We want you to have confidence in our titles and we hope this explanation helps you in your buying decision. 
When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World is a classic work of social psychology by Leon Festinger, Henry Riecken, and Stanley Schachter which studied a small UFO religion in Chicago called the Seekers that believed in an imminent apocalypse and its coping mechanisms after the event did not occur. Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance can account for the psychological consequences of disconfirmed expectations. One of the first published cases of dissonance was reported in this book. 
Festinger and his associates read a story in their local newspaper headlined "Prophecy from planet Clarion call to city: flee that flood." 
The prophecy came from Dorothy Martin (1900–1992), a Chicago housewife who experimented with automatic writing. (In order to protect her privacy, the study gave her the alias of "Marian Keech" and relocated her group to Michigan.) She had previously been involved with L. Ron Hubbard's Dianetics movement, and she incorporated ideas from what later became Scientology. 
The group of believers, headed by Keech, had taken strong actions to indicate their degree of commitment to the belief. They had left jobs, college, and spouses, and had given away money and possessions to prepare for their departure on a flying saucer which was to rescue the group of true believers. She claimed to have received a message from a fictional planet named Clarion. These messages revealed that the world would end in a great flood before dawn on December 21, 1954. 
After the failure of the prediction, she left Chicago after being threatened with arrest and involuntary commitment. She later founded the Association of Sananda and Sanat Kumara. Under the name Sister Thedra, she continued to practice channeling and to participate in contactee groups until her death in 1992. The Association is active to this day. 
Festinger and his colleagues saw this as a case that would lead to the arousal of dissonance when the prophecy failed. Altering the belief would be difficult, as Keech and her group were committed at considerable expense to maintain it. Another option would be to enlist social support for their belief. As Festinger wrote, "If more and more people can be persuaded that the system of belief is correct, then clearly it must after all be correct." 
In this case, if Keech could add consonant elements by converting others to the basic premise, then the magnitude of her dissonance following disconfirmation would be reduced. Festinger and his colleagues predicted that the inevitable disconfirmation would be followed by an enthusiastic effort at proselytizing to seek social support and lessen the pain of disconfirmation. 
Festinger stated that five conditions must be present if someone is to become a more fervent believer after a failure or disconfirmation: 
A belief must be held with deep conviction and it must have some relevance to action, that is, to what the believer does or how he or she behaves.\nThe person holding the belief must have committed himself to it; that is, for the sake of his belief, he must have taken some important action that is difficult to undo. In general, the more important such actions are, and the more difficult they are to undo, the greater is the individual's commitment to the belief.

When Prophecy Fails: A Social & Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World

W. Riecken, Henry

Religious Studies

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Books by Festinger, Leon

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Festinger, Leon. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

The Human Legacy

The Human Legacy

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

Conflict

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

When Prophecy Fails

Deterrents And Reinforcement The Psychology Of Insufficient Reword

When PROPHECY FAILS: A Doomsday Cult On Alien Invasion

When Prophecy Fails

When Prophecy Fails: A Social & Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the Destruction of the World