Since Pakistan was founded in 1947, its army has dominated the state. The military establishment has locked the country in an enduring rivalry with India, with the primary aim of wresting Kashmir from it. To that end, Pakistan initiated three wars over Kashmir-in 1947, 1965, and 1999-and failed to win any of them. Today, the army continues to prosecute this dangerous policy by employing non-state actors under the security of its ever-expanding nuclear umbrella. It has sustained a proxy war in Kashmir since 1989 using Islamist militants, as well as supporting non-Islamist insurgencies throughout India and a country-wide Islamist terror campaign that have brought the two countries to the brink of war on several occasions. In addition to these territorial revisionist goals, the Pakistani army has committed itself to resisting India's slow but inevitable rise on the global stage. Despite Pakistan's efforts to coerce India, it has achieved only modest successes at best. Even though India vivisected Pakistan in 1971, Pakistan continues to see itself as India's equal and demands the world do the same. The dangerous methods that the army uses to enforce this self-perception have brought international opprobrium upon Pakistan and its army. And in recent years, their erstwhile proxies have turned their guns on the Pakistani state itself. Why does the army persist in pursuing these revisionist policies that have come to imperil the very viability of the state itself, from which the army feeds? In Fighting to the End, C. Christine Fair argues that the answer lies, at least partially, in the strategic culture of the army. Through an unprecedented analysis of decades' worth of the army's own defense publications, she concludes that from the army's distorted view of history, it is victorious as long as it can resist India's purported drive for regional hegemony as well as the territorial status quo. Simply put, acquiescence means defeat. Fighting to the End convincingly shows that because the army is unlikely to abandon these preferences, Pakistan will remain a destabilizing force in world politics for the foreseeable future.

Fighting to the End: The Pakistan Army's Way of War

Engineering & Transportation

Fair, C. Christine

Engineering

Oxford University Press

This path-breaking volume reveals a little-known aspect of how Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, a jihadist terrorist group, functions in Pakistan and beyond by translating and commenting upon a range of publications produced and disseminated by Dar-ul-Andlus, the publishing wing of LeT. Only a fraction of LeT's cadres ever see battle: most of them are despatched on nation-wide "prozelytising" (dawa) missions to convert Pakistanis to their particular interpretation of Islam, in support of which LeT has developed a sophisticated propagandist literature. This canon of Islamist texts is the most popular and potent weapon in LeT's arsenal, and its scrutiny affords insights into how and who the group recruits; LeT's justification for jihad; its vision of itself in global and regional politics; the enemies LeT identifies and the allies it cultivates; and how and where it conducts its operations. Particular attention is paid to the role that LeT assigns to women by examining those writings which heap extravagant praise upon the mothers of aspirant jihadis, who bless their operations and martyrdom. It is only by understanding LeT's domestic functions as set out in these texts that one can begin to appreciate why Pakistan so fiercely supports it, despite mounting international pressure to disband the group.

In Their Own Words: Understanding Lashkar-e-Tayyaba

Politics & Social Sciences

Social Sciences

The importance of police forces in combating insurgencies is receiving increasing attention from policymakers and national leaders, but there is little academic work addressing the question of how police forces should be trained and deployed in such conflicts. This edited volume sets out to correct this imbalance through a series of case studies, drawn from Central, South, and Southeast Asia, as also Africa and the Middle East, which examine the circumstances under which police forces have failed to quell insurgencies-or even worsened internal security-as well as when they have proved themselves an essential part of the solution. Each case study covers the history of the insurgency, attempts to reform the police forces to confront it, and the success or failure of those attempts, concluding by presenting lessons learned for future counterinsurgent governments. Each chapter is written by a well-established scholar who has spent considerable time in the country under study.

Policing Insurgencies: Cops as Counterinsurgents (Oxford International Relations in South Asia)

Ganguly, Šumit

Criminal Law

Since its inception in Afghanistan in the late 1980s, the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT), also known as the Jamaat-ul-Dawa (JuD), has arguably been the most threatening and disruptive terrorist organization in South Asia and beyond. While there is considerable scholarship on its history and operations, few scholars have exploited the organization's vast publications. This volume is the first scholarly effort to curate a sample of LeT's Urdu-language publications and then translate them into English for the scholarly community studying this group and related organizations. While the original texts were written and published by Dar al Andalus, which exclusively publishes LeT's books, pamphlets, posters, speeches, and other materials with the explicit intention of diffusing the group's ideology, raising funds, and cultivating volunteers for the organization, the authors hope that by rendering the group's materials more accessible, this book can contribute to the myriad efforts to combat such groups and the violence they perpetrate.

The Literature of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba: Deadly Lines of Control

Ustaad, Safina

Politics & Government

Legal Theory & Systems

Military spouses work in the labor force and contribute to their family's material well being, yet at the same time they must accommodate the demands the military makes of the service member. This book provides a factual, quantitative basis for the forces affecting military wives' employment and earnings and hence their ability to contribute to family income and establish their careers.

Married to the Military: The Employment and Earnings of Military Wives Compared with Those of Civilian Wives

Martin, Craig

Asch, Beth C.

Mattock, Michael

Hosek, James R.

Rand Corp

What is the optimal strategy for the United States and its allies to pursue in Afghanistan? Observers across the political spectrum agree that military operations alone are not enough to secure Afghanistan against a powerful insurgency linked to global jihadism. There is increasing consensus as well that Pakistan - a refuge for important al-Qaeda figures, and also under attack by insurgents who identify themselves as Taliban - is deeply involved in this conflict. The Afghanistan-Pakistan Theater: Militant Islam, Security and Stability explores vital aspects of the situation the U.S. confronts in both Afghanistan and Pakistan. This collection represents a diversity of political perspectives and policy prescriptions. Nobody believes that the way forward will be easy; there is a pressing need for clear thinking and informed decisions. Contributors include Hassan Abbas, C. Christine Fair, Vanda Felbab-Brown, Daveed Gartenstein-Ross, Vanessa Gezari, Sebastian Gorka, Shuja Nawaz, and Joshua T. White.

The Afghanistan-Pakistan Theater: Militant Islam, Security & Stability

Gorka, Sebastian

Nawaz, Shuja

Abbas, Hassan

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed

Felbab-Brown, Vanda

White, Joshua T.

May, Clifford D.

Gezari, Vanessa

Foundation for Defense of Democracies

Fair explores the true significance of the madrassah and its role in Pakistan’s educational system. She chronicles the Pakistan government’s efforts to reform the madrassah system and offers important policy implications and suggestions for initiatives that might address some of the main concerns emanating from ostensible ties between education and security inside and outside Pakistan.

The Madrassah Challenge: Militancy and Religious Education in Pakistan (Perspectives)

Business & Money

Economics

United States Inst of Peace Pr

In Their Own Words Understanding Lashkar

C. Hurst & Co. Publishers Ltd.

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