Down the ages, war epidemics have decimated the fighting strength of armies, caused the suspension and cancellation of military operations, and have brought havoc to the civil populations of belligerent and non-belligerent states alike. This book examines the historical occurrence and geographical spread of infectious diseases in association with past wars. It addresses an intrinsically geographical question: how are the spatial dynamics of epidemics influenced by military operations and the directives of war? The term historical geography in the title indicates the authors' primary concern with qualitative analyses of archival source materials over a 150-year time period from 1850, and this is combined with quantitative analyses less frequently associated with historical studies.

War Epidemics: An Historical Geography of Infectious Diseases in Military Conflict and Civil Strife, 1850-2000 (Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies Series)

History

Cliff, A. D.

Smallman-Raynor, M.R.

Military

Oxford University Press

In Island Epidemics, the authors show that the complex warfare of invasion and extinction observed by Darwin for plants and animals applies with equal force to human diseases. A world picture is presented of diseases, which range from the familiar (influenza and German measles) to the exotic (kuru and tsutsugamushi), and islands which range in remoteness, from the accessible United Kingdom to the inaccessible Tristan da Cunha and Easter Island.

Island Epidemics (Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies Series)

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Haggett, P.

Mental Health

The last four decades of human history have seen the emergence of an unprecedented number of 'new' infectious diseases: the familiar roll call includes AIDS, Ebola, H5N1 influenza, hantavirus, hepatitis E, Lassa fever, legionnaires' and Lyme diseases, Marburg fever, Rift Valley fever, SARS, and West Nile. The outbreaks range in scale from global pandemics that have brought death and misery to millions, through to self-limiting outbreaks of mainly local impact. Some outbreaks have erupted explosively but have already faded away; some grumble along or continue to devastate as now persistent features in the medical lexicon; in others, a huge potential threat hangs uncertainly and worryingly in the air. Some outbreaks are merely local, others are worldwide.This book looks at the epidemiological and geographical conditions which underpin disease emergence. What are the processes which lead to emergence? Why now in human history? Where do such diseases emerge and how do they spread or fail to spread around the globe? What is the armoury of surveillance and control measures that may curb the impact of such diseases? But, uniquely, it sets these questions on the modern period of disease emergence in an historical context. First, it uses the historical record to set recent events against a much broader temporal canvas, finding emergence to be a constant theme in disease history rather than one confined to recent decades. It concludes that it is the quantitative pace of emergence, rather than its intrinsic nature, that separates the present period from earlier centuries. Second, it looks at the spatial and ecological setting of emergence, using hundreds of specially-drawn maps to chart the source areas of new diseases and the pathways of their spread. The book is divided into three main sections: Part 1 looks at early disease emergence, Part 2 at the processes of disease emergence, and Part 3 at the future for emergent diseases.

Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis: Emergence and Re-emergence (Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies Series)

Politics & Social Sciences

Stroup, D.F.

Thacker, S.B.

Social Sciences

This book is a world geography of poliomyelitis from antiquity to the present day. In the twentieth century, poliomyelitis emerged to become a global crippler and killer. But with the development of preventive vaccines in the 1950s poliomyelitis looks set to be the first disease since smallpox in 1979 to be eliminated by direct human intervention.

Poliomyelitis: A World Geography: Emergence to Eradication (Oxford Geographical and Environmental Studies Series)

This major worldwide study of the disease is in three parts. In Part One, Measles traces the aggressive spread of this Old World disease in the last century, following the settlement of the Americas and the opening up of Australasia. Part Two of the book looks at the disease in its heyday, as a major worldwide killer in the first half of this century. Part Three traces the rolling back of the map over the last thirty years with mass vaccination programmes reducing the impact of measles, first in the United States, then in other developed countries, and finally with WHO help in the developing world itself.

Measles: A History

Smallman-Raynor, Matthew

Wiley/Blackwell

This is an atlas of the changing world and regional distribution of disease, based on primary and historical research. Covering diseases both past and present, it shows the distribution of various diseases in specific parts of the world through a series of related maps and diagrams, and employs a range of approaches to the mapping and statistical analysis of medical data. Both static cross-sections and time-based maps are used. It presents a spatial analysis of the spread of AIDS in an epidemiological context, charts the demise of smallpox, shows the spread and control of numerous major diseases including measles, and maps and analyzes radiation hazards such as the fallout from the Chernobyl disaster.

Atlas of Disease Distributions

Blackwell Pub.

Spatial autocorrelation (Monographs in spatial and environmental systems analysis)

Science & Math

Mathematics

Pion

Spatial Aspects of Influenza Epidemics

Ord, J. K.

Medical Books

Routledge& Kegan Paul

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Books by Cliff, A. D.