Natural populations of plants show intricate patterns of variation. European botanists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries used this variation to classify different "kinds" into a hierachy of family, genus, and species. Although useful, these classifications were based on a belief in the fixity of species and the static patterns of variation. Darwin's theory of evolution changed this view; populations and species varied in time and space and were part of a continuing process of evolution. The development of molecular techniques has transformed our understanding of microevolution and the evolutionary history of the flowering plants. This revised, extended edition describes the historical background to plant variation studies and considers the remarkable insights that molecular biology has recently given into the processes of evolution in populations of cultivated, wild and weedy species; the threats of extinction faced by many endangered species and the wider evolutionary history of the flowering plants as revealed by cladistic methods.

Plant variation and evolution (World university library)

Science & Math

Briggs, D.

Biological Sciences

Weidenfeld&Nicolson

Decision-Making in Environmental Health examines the need for information in support of decision-making in environmental health. It discusses indicators of environmental health, methods of data collection and the assessment of exposure to and the health impact of different environmental risk factors.

Decision-Making in Environmental Health: From Evidence to Action

Corvalan, C.

Zielhuis, G.

Health, Fitness & Dieting

Routledge

Decision-Making in Environmental Health

Practical surface analysis: By auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

wiley

A collection of spectral static SIMS spectra from over 100 compounds. Each compound listed has spectra over a 400 mass range for both positive and negative ions, with description of the spectra and information on how to extrapolate from this representative compound to others of its type. Covers five classes of compounds--metal oxides/hydroxides, metal salts, polymers, surface contaminants, and semiconductors--as well as other advanced-technology materials. Part I covers technique: instrumentation, physical basis of SIMS, spectroscopic information, sample handling, inter-instrument comparison, and references. Part II contains the actual spectra.

Handbook of Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Brown, A.

Vickerman, John C.

Chemistry

Surface and Interface Analysis

John Wiley and Sons Ltd.

Definitive handbook of high resolution xps spectra of over one hundred organic polymers. Provides the full spectral information--survey and core regions (with fitted components), shake-up spectra, valence band and, in some cases, Auger spectra. All the data are parameterized and tabulated. Complete details of sample preparation are given. Instrument performance and operating conditions are extensively documented. Complete with introductory section and comprehensive appendices. Easy-to-use landscape format.

High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers: The Scienta ESCA300 Database

Beamson, G.

This in-depth treatment of the instrumentation, physical bases and applications of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) contains a specific focus on the subject of polymeric materials. XPS and SSIMS are widely accepted as the two most powerful techniques for polymer surface chemical analysis, particularly in the context of industrial research and problem solving. The author describes the techniques and applications of XPS and SSIMS. He also includes details of case studies, emphasizing the complementary and joint application of XPS and SSIMS in the investigation of polymer surface structure and its relationship to the properties of the material. This book will be of value to academic and industrial researchers interested in polymer surfaces and surface analysis.

Surface Analysis of Polymers by XPS and Static SIMS (Cambridge Solid State Science Series)

Cambridge University Press

Natural populations of plants show intricate patterns of variation. European botanists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries used this variation to classify different "kinds" into a hierachy of family, genus, and species. Although useful, these classifications were based on a belief in the fixity of species and the static patterns of variation. Darwin's theory of evolution changed this view; populations and species varied in time and space and were part of a continuing process of evolution. The development of molecular techniques has transformed our understanding of microevolution and the evolutionary history of the flowering plants. This revised, extended edition describes the historical background to plant variation studies and considers the remarkable insights that molecular biology has recently given into the processes of evolution in populations of cultivated, wild and weedy species; the threats of extinction faced by many endangered species and the wider evolutionary history

Plant Variation

Walters, S.M.

Book by Briggs, D., Walters, S. M.

Plant Variation and Evolution

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