Despite wide acceptance that the attributes of living creatures have appeared through a cumulative evolutionary process guided chiefly by natural selection, many human activities have seemed analytically inaccessible through such an approach. Prominent evolutionary biologists, for example, have described morality as contrary to the direction of biological evolution, and moral philosophers rarely regard evolution as relevant to their discussions. The Biology of Moral Systems adopts the position that moral questions arise out of conflicts of interest, and that moral systems are ways of using confluences of interest at lower levels of social organization to deal with conflicts of interest at higher levels. Moral systems are described as systems of indirect reciprocity: humans gain and lose socially and reproductively not only by direct transactions, but also by the reputations they gain from the everyday flow of social interactions. The author develops a general theory of human interests, using senescence and effort theory from biology, to help analyze the patterning of human lifetimes. He argues that the ultimate interests of humans are reproductive, and that the concept of morality has arisen within groups because of its contribution to unity in the context, ultimately, of success in intergroup competition. He contends that morality is not easily relatable to universals, and he carries this argument into a discussion of what he calls the greatest of all moral problems, the nuclear arms race. "Crammed with sage observations on moral dilemmas and many reasons why an understanding of evolution based on natural selection will advance thinking in finding practical solutions to our most difficult social problems." û Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences Richard D. Alexander is Donald Ward Tinkle Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, and Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. A recipient of numerous awards, Dr. Alexander is the author of Darwinism and Human Affairs.

The Biology of Moral Systems (Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series)

Politics & Social Sciences

Alexander, Richard

Philosophy

Routledge

Despite wide acceptance that the attributes of living creatures have appeared through a cumulative evolutionary process guided chiefly by natural selection, many human activities have seemed analytically inaccessible through such an approach. Prominent evolutionary biologists, for example, have described morality as contrary to the direction of biological evolution, and moral philosophers rarely regard evolution as relevant to their discussions. The Biology of Moral Systems adopts the position that moral questions arise out of conflicts of interest, and that moral systems are ways of using confluences of interest at lower levels of social organization to deal with conflicts of interest at higher levels. Moral systems are described as systems of indirect reciprocity: humans gain and lose socially and reproductively not only by direct transactions, but also by the reputations they gain from the everyday flow of social interactions. The author develops a general theory of human interests, using senescence and effort theory from biology, to help analyze the patterning of human lifetimes. He argues that the ultimate interests of humans are reproductive, and that the concept of morality has arisen within groups because of its contribution to unity in the context, ultimately, of success in intergroup competition. He contends that morality is not easily relatable to universals, and he carries this argument into a discussion of what he calls the greatest of all moral problems, the nuclear arms race. "Crammed with sage observations on moral dilemmas and many reasons why an understanding of evolution based on natural selection will advance thinking in finding practical solutions to our most difficult social problems." û Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences Richard D. Alexander is Donald Ward Tinkle Professor of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, and Curator of Insects, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. A recipient of numerous awards, Dr. Alexander is the author of Darwinism and Human Affairs.

History

Aldine de Gruyter

In this study, Richard Alexander presents a series of original and empirically based case studies of the language and discourse involved in the discussion of environmental and ecological issues. Relying upon a variety of different text types and genres – including company websites, advertisements, press articles, speeches and lectures – Alexander interrogates how, in the media, press, corporate and activist circles, language is employed to argue for and propagate selected positions on the growing ecological crisis. For example, he asks: How are ecological and environmental concerns articulated in texts? What do we learn about ecological ‘problems’ through texts from differing sources? What language features accompany ecological discourse in differing contexts and registers? Attention is especially directed at where this discourse comes into contact with business, economic and political concerns.

Framing Discourse on the Environment (Routledge Critical Studies in Discourse)

Crafts, Hobbies & Home

Crafts & Hobbies

Teaches basic communication skills and techniques for using English in business transactions. Through reading, listening, and writing exercises, presents instruction in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.

International Business English Self-study Audio Cassette Set (2 Cassettes): A Course in Communication Skills

Reference

Jones, Leo

Foreign Language Study & Reference

Cambridge University Press

A course in communication skills for people whose daily work requires that they speak English. It concentrates on English as a means of international communication, taking intermediate learners to upper-intermediate levels and developing relevant skills through a wide range of stimulating and realistic communicative activities.

International Business English Student's book: A Course in Communication Skills

This workbook is part of a course in communication skills for people who need English in their day-to-day work in international communication. It takes intermediate learners to upper-intermediate level, developing relevant skills through a wide range of communicative activities.

International Business English Workbook: A Course in Communication Skills

The French version of the student's text is designed for use with the "International Business English" course. The course concentrates on English as a means of international communication. The French edition contains a 48-page English French vocabulary list with translations and sample sentences.

International Business English Student's book French edition: A Course in Communication Skills

Literature & Fiction

New International Business English is a thoroughly revised and redesigned new edition of the highly successful course International Business English. While maintaining the first edition's flexible learner-centred approach for people who need English in their day-to-day work, New International Business is now easier to use and even more effective in the way it addresses the key Business English language skills such as telephoning, socializing and taking part in meetings. The key features of the new edition are: - bright, open design at large format, and in colour for the Student's Book. - shorter, more manageable units. New International Business English is a genuine 90 hour course. - a new unit on Negotiating.

New International Business English Teacher's book

Business & Money

Job Hunting & Careers

New International Business English is a thoroughly revised and redesigned new edition of the highly successful course International Business English. While maintaining the first edition's flexible learner-centred approach for people who need English in their day-to-day work, New International Business is now easier to use and even more effective in the way it addresses the key Business English language skills such as telephoning, socializing and taking part in meetings. The key features of the new edition are: - bright, open design at large format, and in colour for the Student's Book. - shorter, more manageable units. New International Business English is a genuine 90 hour course. - a new unit on Negotiating.

New International Business English Student's Book and Audio Cassette Set

New International Business English is a thoroughly revised and redesigned new edition of the highly successful course International Business English.  While maintaining the first edition's flexible learner-centred approach for people who need English in their day-to-day work, New International Business is now easier to use and even more effective in the way it addresses the key Business English language skills such as telephoning, socializing and taking part in meetings.  The key features of the new edition are: - bright, open design at large format, and in colour for the Student's Book. - shorter, more manageable units. New International Business English is a genuine 90 hour course. - a new unit on Negotiating.

New International Business English Workbook and Audio Cassette Set (2 Cassettes)

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Alexander, Richard. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

Books by Alexander, Richard

See the best price to sell, buy, or rent books by Alexander, Richard. BookScouter helps to compare book prices from 25+ online bookstores and 30+ buyback vendors with a single search.

The Biology of Moral Systems (Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series)

The Biology of Moral Systems (Evolutionary Foundations of Human Behavior Series)

Framing Discourse on the Environment (Routledge Critical Studies in Discourse)

International Business English Self-study Audio Cassette Set (2 Cassettes): A Course in Communication Skills

International Business English Student's book: A Course in Communication Skills

International Business English Workbook: A Course in Communication Skills

International Business English Student's book French edition: A Course in Communication Skills

New International Business English Teacher's book

New International Business English Student's Book and Audio Cassette Set

New International Business English Workbook and Audio Cassette Set (2 Cassettes)