The Application of Plasmas to Chemical Processing

Raymond F. Baddour And Robert S. Timmins (Eds. )

The MIT Press

Reflections on Big Science

Weinberg, Alvin M.

Innovation is rapidly becoming democratized. Users, aided by improvements in computer and communications technology, increasingly can develop their own new products and services. These innovating users—both individuals and firms—often freely share their innovations with others, creating user-innovation communities and a rich intellectual commons. In Democratizing Innovation, Eric von Hippel looks closely at this emerging system of user-centered innovation. He explains why and when users find it profitable to develop new products and services for themselves, and why it often pays users to reveal their innovations freely for the use of all. The trend toward democratized innovation can be seen in software and information products—most notably in the free and open-source software movement—but also in physical products. Von Hippel's many examples of user innovation in action range from surgical equipment to surfboards to software security features. He shows that product and service development is concentrated among "lead users," who are ahead on marketplace trends and whose innovations are often commercially attractive. Von Hippel argues that manufacturers should redesign their innovation processes and that they should systematically seek out innovations developed by users. He points to businesses—the custom semiconductor industry is one example—that have learned to assist user-innovators by providing them with toolkits for developing new products. User innovation has a positive impact on social welfare, and von Hippel proposes that government policies, including R&amp;D subsidies and tax credits, should be realigned to eliminate biases against it. The goal of a democratized user-centered innovation system, says von Hippel, is well worth striving for. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.

Democratizing Innovation

Business & Money

Eric Von Hippel

Business Development & Entrepreneurship

Proceedings of an international conference on the atomic mechanisms of fracture. Papers on cleavage, ductile, fatigue, and high-temperature mechanisms of fracture for metals, ceramics, and polymers, with a chapter on future research needs.

Fracture

Humor & Entertainment

Television

A compact view of band theory and an original treatment of transport theory in covalent semiconductors, developed from the lectures Dr. Aigrain gave as visiting Webster Professor of Electrical Engineering at MIT.

Electronic Processes in Solids (Technology Press Research Monographs)

Engineering & Transportation

Aigrain, Pierre R.

Coelho, Roland J.

Ascarelli, Gianni

Engineering

The Federal Bulldozer

Arts & Photography

Anderson, Martin

Architecture

The View From the Road

Lynch, Kevin

Appleyard, Donald

Myer, John R.

Computer Simulation of Competitive Market Response

E.Amstutz, Arnold

This book develops a consistent macroscopic theory of electromagnetism and discusses the relation between circuit theory and filed theory. The theory is developed in successive steps from the Lorentz force, the integral form of Maxwell's equations in free space, and suitable macroscopic models of polarized and magnetized matter. It covers the electromagnetism of moving bodies and the process of electromechanical energy conversion; introduces a power-series technique for analyzing quasi-static fields and quasi-stationary systems; it emphasizes the synthesis of fields as opposed to the analysis of fields. Presented in an appendix, the reader will also find, the four-dimensional relativistic formulation of macroscopic electrodynamics.

Electromagnetic Energy Transmission and Radiation

Fano, Robert M.

Adler, Richard B.

Chu, Lan Jen

Cezanne's Portrait Drawings

Andersen, Wayne

Individual Artists

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