A much-needed new study on plant galls – growths on plants formed of plant tissue that are caused by other organisms. Most naturalists have come across oak apples, robin’s pincushions, marble galls and witches’ brooms, a few of the more familiar examples of the strange growths that are plant galls. They are beautiful, often bizarre and colourful, and amazingly diverse in structure and in the organisms which cause them. They have been known since ancient times and have attracted superstitions and folk customs. Both the ancient Greeks and the Chinese used them in herbal medicine, and until well into the nineteenth century, they had a variety of commercial uses: important for dyeing cloth, tanning leather and for making ink. Knowledge of gall types increased during the late nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century as more species were described and their structure became more clearly understood, and yet even today, little is known about the mechanisms that cause gall formation as well as the life cycles of the organisms that initiate gall growth. Since most galls do not cause any economic damage to crop plants, research funding has traditionally been sparse in this area. However, the insect cycles and gall structures are amazing examples of the complexity of nature. Margaret Redfern explores these fascinating complexities in this latest New Naturalist volume, providing much-needed insight into the variety of galls of different types caused by a wide range of organisms including fungi, insects and mites. She discusses the ecology of galls more generally and focuses on communities of organisms within galls, the evolution and distribution of galls, as well as human and historical perspectives.

Plant Galls (Collins New Naturalist Library, Book 117)

Reference

Redfern, Margaret

Encyclopedias & Subject Guides

Collins

A much-needed new study on plant galls – growths on plants formed of plant tissue that are caused by other organisms. Most naturalists have come across oak apples, robin’s pincushions, marble galls and witches’ brooms, a few of the more familiar examples of the strange growths that are plant galls. They are beautiful, often bizarre and colourful, and amazingly diverse in structure and in the organisms which cause them. They have been known since ancient times and have attracted superstitions and folk customs. Both the ancient Greeks and the Chinese used them in herbal medicine, and until well into the nineteenth century, they had a variety of commercial uses: important for dyeing cloth, tanning leather and for making ink. Knowledge of gall types increased during the late nineteenth century and throughout the twentieth century as more species were described and their structure became more clearly understood, and yet even today, little is known about the mechanisms that cause gall formation as well as the life cycles of the organisms that initiate gall growth. Since most galls do not cause any economic damage to crop plants, research funding has traditionally been sparse in this area. However, the insect cycles and gall structures are amazing examples of the complexity of nature. Margaret Redfern explores these fascinating complexities in this latest New Naturalist volume, providing much-needed insight into the variety of galls of different types caused by a wide range of organisms including fungi, insects and mites. She discusses the ecology of galls more generally and focuses on communities of organisms within galls, the evolution and distribution of galls, as well as human and historical perspectives.

Plant Galls: Book 117 (Collins New Naturalist Library)

Most of us have noticed galls as bizarre and often colourful distortions of plant growth, and wondered what goes on inside them. The drama enacted within a single gall may involve many species of insects and mites. Their interrelationships are intricate and their identification has been challenging. The communities of insects and mites associated with galls of certain plants, when unravelled by specialists, have proved to be of great ecological interest. This book will make galls accessible to a wider audience. It introduces the wonderfully complex communities associated with galls, and provides keys for identification of the gall former, and many other occupants, including predators and parasites. To make this task manageable the authors have concentrated on galls associated with selected plant species, and have presented a food web to illustrate the relationships among the animals associated with each type of gall. Much remains to be discovered about these and other galls and their inhabitants. For the first time, this book brings that exploration within the scope on interested naturalists and students. Galls are often abundant and readily available systems for the study of ecology. Investigations undertaken at home or in schools and universities may help to advance our knowledge of these microcosms, and of the ecological interactions that they illustrate so compactly.

Plant Galls (Vol. 17) (Naturalists' Handbooks, Vol. 17)

Science & Math

Askew, R.

Biological Sciences

Pelagic Publishing

Insects and Thistles (Vol. 4) (Naturalists' Handbooks, Vol. 4)

Looking for one hundred shoes is no easy job! Thaddeus tries his best to hide from his mother's impatient voice as she reminds him that it is shoe hunting day. Being a centipede with one hundred legs, he is found as flat as he can be in his favorite hiding place, under a rug. But his unhappy mother drags him out from under the rug and they set out into the nearby meadow to look for comfortable materials for shoes for his one hundred feet. Thaddeus reluctantly but obediently tries on various pieces of meadow materials, even unthawed snow, but problems are met with all of them. Slipping and sliding, tumbling and tripping are only a few problems that appear throughout this journey for new shoes. Finally, in aggravation and exhaustion, Thaddeus stamps his feet and strongly suggests that he and his mother return home. His mother, in her own frenzied need, agrees with him. The answer to Thaddeus' needed shoes is found at the edge of a small pond and a green, slimy moss covered rock at its edge which they pass on their way home. The author invites you to read the story and celebrate with Thaddeus as he wiggles his new shoes in the air!

Thaddeus Centipede Needs New Shoes

Science Fiction & Fantasy

Fantasy

AuthorHouse

"Maddie's Magic Tree" is the story of a young girl's love for animals and nature. She excitedly sees the first white, winter's snowflakes as she rises from bed. She rushes out into the surrounding meadow and meets the hero of the story, a young Pine tree heavily covered in snow with a magic wave to Maddie as she relieves the tree from the white burden on its branches, a group of animals and birds all receiving magical gifts from the tree, and a spying Maddie from behind a tree that magically sends animals to successfully find food during the winter. Magic! Magic! Magic!  The author inspires children from the goodness in the story of the kindness of the Magic tree in silently guiding the animals to find food for themselves and their family, and the love and caring heart of Maddie in wanting to keep the animals safe and fed through the winter. The gratitude of the animals toward the tree when they find needed food and the outpouring of love in the gifts with which they decorate the tree become the loving symbol of their love for the tree.  This story can be a channel to strengthen love, gratitude, kindnes and caring in the minds of young children. How was "Magic" shown in the story? Why was Maddie always so worried? What does the last illustration show us about loving each other? Why was Maddie so happy with her "hug?"

Maddie's Magic Tree

Parenting & Relationships

British Plant Galls

Field Studies Council

Will and his brother Ned are on the long march from the Fens to North Wales, commandeered into the army of ditch-diggers heading west towards Flint, where they will be preparing the ground for the foundations of Edward I's new castle. They are nervous and rightly so—for not only is Ned a mute, whose abilities as a horse-whisperer and herbalist make him suspicious in the eyes of their English overseers, but they have been close to the enemy. Ned had been secretly taking lessons in music from Ieuan ap y Gof, an exiled bard, when the Welshman disappeared one night without warning not long before Edward's officers came recruiting. The boys find themselves a long way from home, virtually friendless and then captured by the enemy, suspected of treason and near killed before they are able to escape. When all appears lost, Will learns that love is sometimes harder to understand and to come to terms with than death itself.

Flint

Literature & Fiction

Genre Fiction

Honno Press

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